Lugansk Weather Records (UPM00034523)

The annual mean temperature here has risen by 0.2 C (0.1 to 0.2) per decade over 1905 to 2012. In Fahrenheit: 0.3 F (0.2 to 0.4) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 100 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.

Across 100 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Lugansk falls on 24 April and the median first autumn frost on 3 October, which leaves a median of 164 days between them.

In 1983 to 2012 the median growing season was 166 days. That is 9 days more than in 1905 to 1940.

Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +1.5 days per decade at this station.

A day with at least 31.8 mm (1.3 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 78.1 mm (3.1 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.

The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 124 years of values from 1881 to 2012.

A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.

The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 98.4 mm (3.9 in) in 1992; 81.9 mm (3.2 in) in 2011; 69.9 mm (2.8 in) in 1890.

3 changes were suspected in the annual mean temperature of Lugansk, at 1950, 1967 and 1997. Each is measured against neighbouring stations.

• Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1950 ran 0.2 C (0.4 F) higher than in the years before (possible change).
• Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1967 ran 0.2 C (0.4 F) lower than in the years before (possible change).
• Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1997 ran 0.2 C (0.4 F) lower than in the years before (likely change).