Tulum Weather Records (MXN00023025)
Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Tulum (MXN00023025), Mexico, with 49 years of record.
Key Facts for Tulum
- Tulum (MXN00023025) is a weather station in Mexico at 20.22 latitude and -87.45 longitude, 10 m (32 ft) above sea level.
- The station reports from 1964 to 2012, 49 years of record.
- 1,464 records set at Tulum still stand.
- Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
- Tulum set a daily record high minimum temperature of 23.9 C (75.0 F) on 20 December 2012.
About the Station
- Location: Mexico, 20.22 latitude, -87.45 longitude.
- Elevation: 10 m (32 ft).
- Period of record: 1964 to 2012, 49 years.
- Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record| Month | Highest record high | Lowest record low | 2026 highest maximum | 2026 lowest minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 37.2 C (99.0 F) | 6.7 C (44.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Feb | 38.9 C (102.0 F) | 3.9 C (39.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Mar | 41.1 C (106.0 F) | 6.7 C (44.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Apr | 41.7 C (107.1 F) | 6.7 C (44.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
| May | 42.8 C (109.0 F) | 7.8 C (46.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Jun | 38.9 C (102.0 F) | 11.1 C (52.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Jul | 37.8 C (100.0 F) | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Aug | 43.9 C (111.0 F) | 11.7 C (53.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Sep | 40.6 C (105.1 F) | 5.0 C (41.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Oct | 38.9 C (102.0 F) | 5.6 C (42.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Nov | 39.4 C (102.9 F) | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Dec | 36.7 C (98.1 F) | 6.7 C (44.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records| Year set | Standing records |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 26 |
| 1965 | 115 |
| 1966 | 2 |
| 1967 | 15 |
| 1968 | 5 |
| 1969 | 34 |
| 1970 | 18 |
| 1971 | 44 |
| 1972 | 37 |
| 1973 | 27 |
| 1974 | 42 |
| 1975 | 56 |
| 1976 | 51 |
| 1977 | 8 |
| 1978 | 19 |
| 1979 | 28 |
| 1980 | 32 |
| 1981 | 50 |
| 1982 | 23 |
| 1983 | 19 |
| 1984 | 6 |
| 1985 | 3 |
| 1986 | 16 |
| 1987 | 41 |
| 1988 | 36 |
| 1989 | 56 |
| 1990 | 32 |
| 1991 | 40 |
| 1992 | 123 |
| 1993 | 34 |
| 1994 | 18 |
| 1995 | 67 |
| 1996 | 6 |
| 1997 | 8 |
| 1998 | 4 |
| 1999 | 14 |
| 2000 | 20 |
| 2001 | 4 |
| 2002 | 8 |
| 2003 | 33 |
| 2004 | 21 |
| 2005 | 33 |
| 2007 | 20 |
| 2008 | 31 |
| 2009 | 31 |
| 2010 | 34 |
| 2011 | 29 |
| 2012 | 45 |
Wettest Day of Each Month
Sep: 199.9 mm (7.9 in)| Month | Record daily precipitation (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 120.4 mm (4.7 in) | 17 January 1986 |
| Feb | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) | 10 February 2002 |
| Mar | 74.9 mm (2.9 in) | 6 March 2012 |
| Apr | 69.9 mm (2.8 in) | 9 April 2003 |
| May | 197.9 mm (7.8 in) | 19 May 2010 |
| Jun | 149.9 mm (5.9 in) | 26 June 2010 |
| Jul | 164.3 mm (6.5 in) | 18 July 2005 |
| Aug | 140.0 mm (5.5 in) | 20 August 1973 |
| Sep | 199.9 mm (7.9 in) | 14 September 1988 |
| Oct | 185.4 mm (7.3 in) | 21 October 2005 |
| Nov | 79.8 mm (3.1 in) | 28 November 2000 |
| Dec | 94.0 mm (3.7 in) | 3 December 1985 |
Period of Record Coverage
1964 to 2012| Year | Days with data | Share of year | Complete |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | 176 | 48% | No |
| 1965 | 360 | 99% | Yes |
| 1966 | 31 | 8% | No |
| 1967 | 62 | 17% | No |
| 1968 | 61 | 17% | No |
| 1969 | 149 | 41% | No |
| 1970 | 135 | 37% | No |
| 1971 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1972 | 335 | 92% | Yes |
| 1973 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1974 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1975 | 242 | 66% | No |
| 1976 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1977 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1978 | 334 | 92% | Yes |
| 1979 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1980 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1981 | 275 | 75% | No |
| 1982 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1983 | 276 | 76% | No |
| 1984 | 141 | 39% | No |
| 1985 | 61 | 17% | No |
| 1986 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1987 | 358 | 98% | Yes |
| 1988 | 306 | 84% | No |
| 1989 | 304 | 83% | No |
| 1990 | 212 | 58% | No |
| 1991 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1992 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1993 | 351 | 96% | Yes |
| 1994 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1995 | 349 | 96% | Yes |
| 1996 | 351 | 96% | Yes |
| 1997 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1998 | 38 | 10% | No |
| 1999 | 153 | 42% | No |
| 2000 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2001 | 62 | 17% | No |
| 2002 | 151 | 41% | No |
| 2003 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 2004 | 343 | 94% | Yes |
| 2005 | 332 | 91% | Yes |
| 2007 | 316 | 87% | No |
| 2008 | 333 | 91% | Yes |
| 2009 | 226 | 62% | No |
| 2010 | 319 | 87% | No |
| 2011 | 280 | 77% | No |
| 2012 | 320 | 87% | No |
Latest Records
20| Date | Station | Record | Value | Beat old record by | Old record stood | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 December 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily high min | 23.9 C (75.0 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 15 years | 10 of 100 (Routine) |
| 11 December 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily rain | 44.5 mm (1.8 in) | 28.2 mm (1.1 in) | 26 years | 32 of 100 (Routine) |
| 9 December 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low min | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | 1.7 C (3.1 F) | 38 years | 19 of 100 (Routine) |
| 22 November 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 26.7 C (80.1 F) | tie | 48 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 20 November 2012 | Tulum, MX | monthly low max (Tie) | 20.6 C (69.1 F) | tie | 0 years | 3 of 100 (Routine) |
| 19 November 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max | 25.6 C (78.1 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 2 years | 8 of 100 (Routine) |
| 16 November 2012 | Tulum, MX | monthly low max | 20.6 C (69.1 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 2 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 6 November 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max | 25.0 C (77.0 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 3 years | 6 of 100 (Routine) |
| 29 October 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 25.0 C (77.0 F) | tie | 17 years | 2 of 100 (Routine) |
| 28 October 2012 | Tulum, MX | monthly low max | 20.0 C (68.0 F) | 2.8 C (5.0 F) | 47 years | 40 of 100 (Notable) |
| 10 October 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 25.6 C (78.1 F) | tie | 17 years | 2 of 100 (Routine) |
| 9 October 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 26.7 C (80.1 F) | tie | 41 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 4 October 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max | 25.0 C (77.0 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 17 years | 11 of 100 (Routine) |
| 2 October 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily rain | 59.9 mm (2.4 in) | 20.0 mm (0.8 in) | 48 years | 26 of 100 (Routine) |
| 22 September 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 25.6 C (78.1 F) | tie | 17 years | 2 of 100 (Routine) |
| 21 September 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 25.6 C (78.1 F) | tie | 47 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 20 September 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max (Tie) | 26.7 C (80.1 F) | tie | 47 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 7 August 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily rain | 39.9 mm (1.6 in) | 6.1 mm (0.24 in) | 12 years | 10 of 100 (Routine) |
| 6 August 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max | 25.6 C (78.1 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 47 years | 22 of 100 (Routine) |
| 5 August 2012 | Tulum, MX | daily low max | 27.8 C (82.0 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 47 years | 22 of 100 (Routine) |
Climate Trend
21 complete years, 1965 to 2012| Year | Annual mean temperature | Difference from the station mean |
|---|---|---|
| 1965 | 24.6 C | -0.88 C |
| 1971 | 26.5 C | +0.97 C |
| 1973 | 26.2 C | +0.72 C |
| 1974 | 26.0 C | +0.52 C |
| 1976 | 24.5 C | -1.03 C |
| 1977 | 24.8 C | -0.73 C |
| 1979 | 26.1 C | +0.60 C |
| 1980 | 26.2 C | +0.70 C |
| 1982 | 26.3 C | +0.86 C |
| 1986 | 25.6 C | +0.13 C |
| 1987 | 25.4 C | -0.07 C |
| 1991 | 23.3 C | -2.16 C |
| 1992 | 21.9 C | -3.61 C |
| 1994 | 25.9 C | +0.44 C |
| 1997 | 26.3 C | +0.77 C |
| 2000 | 26.3 C | +0.84 C |
| 2003 | 26.7 C | +1.23 C |
| 2005 | 26.3 C | +0.80 C |
| 2008 | 26.7 C | +1.18 C |
| 2010 | 25.2 C | -0.30 C |
| 2012 | 24.5 C | -1.03 C |
This station does not have enough complete years (30 are needed) to fit a temperature trend.
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1964 to 2012| Measure | Record | Year of the record | Median year | Years with a value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hottest day (TXx) | 43.9 C (111.0 F) | 1983 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) | 48 |
| Coldest night (TNn) | 3.9 C (39.0 F) | 1991 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | 48 |
| Wettest day (Rx1day) | 199.9 mm (7.9 in) | 1988 | 81.6 mm (3.2 in) | 48 |
| Wettest five days (Rx5day) | 358.0 mm (14.1 in) | 2010 | 130.6 mm (5.1 in) | 48 |
| Longest dry spell (CDD) | 102 days | 1994 | 27 days | 48 |
Hottest day (TXx)
| Year | Hottest day (TXx) |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1965 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1966 | 30.6 C (87.1 F) |
| 1967 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1968 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1969 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1970 | 39.4 C (102.9 F) |
| 1971 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1972 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1973 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1974 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1975 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1976 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1977 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1978 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1979 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1980 | 42.8 C (109.0 F) |
| 1981 | 40.0 C (104.0 F) |
| 1982 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1983 | 43.9 C (111.0 F) |
| 1984 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1985 | 32.2 C (90.0 F) |
| 1986 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1987 | 33.9 C (93.0 F) |
| 1988 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 1989 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1990 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1991 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1992 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1993 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1994 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1995 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1996 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1997 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1998 | 33.9 C (93.0 F) |
| 1999 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 2000 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 2001 | 32.8 C (91.0 F) |
| 2002 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2003 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 2004 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2005 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 2007 | 41.1 C (106.0 F) |
| 2008 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 2009 | 42.8 C (109.0 F) |
| 2010 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 2011 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 2012 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
Coldest night (TNn)
| Year | Coldest night (TNn) |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 15.0 C (59.0 F) |
| 1965 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 1966 | 12.8 C (55.0 F) |
| 1967 | 17.2 C (63.0 F) |
| 1968 | 18.3 C (64.9 F) |
| 1969 | 20.0 C (68.0 F) |
| 1970 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 1971 | 7.2 C (45.0 F) |
| 1972 | 10.6 C (51.1 F) |
| 1973 | 6.1 C (43.0 F) |
| 1974 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 1975 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 1976 | 6.7 C (44.1 F) |
| 1977 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 1978 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 1979 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 1980 | 6.7 C (44.1 F) |
| 1981 | 6.7 C (44.1 F) |
| 1982 | 11.7 C (53.1 F) |
| 1983 | 11.7 C (53.1 F) |
| 1984 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 1985 | 12.2 C (54.0 F) |
| 1986 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 1987 | 7.2 C (45.0 F) |
| 1988 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 1989 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 1990 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 1991 | 3.9 C (39.0 F) |
| 1992 | 5.0 C (41.0 F) |
| 1993 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 1994 | 16.7 C (62.1 F) |
| 1995 | 12.8 C (55.0 F) |
| 1996 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 1997 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 1998 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 1999 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 2000 | 6.7 C (44.1 F) |
| 2001 | 10.6 C (51.1 F) |
| 2002 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 2003 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 2004 | 11.7 C (53.1 F) |
| 2005 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 2007 | 10.0 C (50.0 F) |
| 2008 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 2009 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 2010 | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| 2011 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| 2012 | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
Wettest day (Rx1day)
| Year | Wettest day (Rx1day) |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 56.9 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1965 | 95.0 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1966 | 8.4 mm (0.33 in) |
| 1967 | 32.3 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1968 | 10.9 mm (0.4 in) |
| 1969 | 64.3 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1970 | 29.0 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1971 | 140.0 mm (5.5 in) |
| 1972 | 114.8 mm (4.5 in) |
| 1973 | 140.0 mm (5.5 in) |
| 1974 | 60.5 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1975 | 82.8 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1976 | 100.8 mm (4.0 in) |
| 1977 | 129.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1978 | 129.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1979 | 96.3 mm (3.8 in) |
| 1980 | 85.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1981 | 80.3 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1982 | 79.8 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1983 | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1984 | 55.4 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1985 | 94.0 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1986 | 120.4 mm (4.7 in) |
| 1987 | 40.4 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1988 | 199.9 mm (7.9 in) |
| 1989 | 54.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1990 | 79.0 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1991 | 76.2 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1992 | 64.3 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1993 | 45.0 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1994 | 47.2 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1995 | 82.8 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1996 | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1997 | 49.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1998 | 19.8 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1999 | 61.5 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2000 | 79.8 mm (3.1 in) |
| 2001 | 35.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 2002 | 101.1 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2003 | 79.8 mm (3.1 in) |
| 2004 | 127.3 mm (5.0 in) |
| 2005 | 185.4 mm (7.3 in) |
| 2007 | 83.3 mm (3.3 in) |
| 2008 | 115.3 mm (4.5 in) |
| 2009 | 79.8 mm (3.1 in) |
| 2010 | 197.9 mm (7.8 in) |
| 2011 | 89.9 mm (3.5 in) |
| 2012 | 88.9 mm (3.5 in) |
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
| Year | Wettest five days (Rx5day) |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 109.8 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1965 | 129.3 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1966 | 15.3 mm (0.6 in) |
| 1967 | 60.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1968 | 23.4 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1969 | 72.9 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1970 | 55.7 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1971 | 249.5 mm (9.8 in) |
| 1972 | 257.1 mm (10.1 in) |
| 1973 | 181.5 mm (7.1 in) |
| 1974 | 128.3 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1975 | 214.4 mm (8.4 in) |
| 1976 | 205.5 mm (8.1 in) |
| 1977 | 224.0 mm (8.8 in) |
| 1978 | 151.5 mm (6.0 in) |
| 1979 | 142.1 mm (5.6 in) |
| 1980 | 178.9 mm (7.0 in) |
| 1981 | 89.7 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1982 | 107.5 mm (4.2 in) |
| 1983 | 212.4 mm (8.4 in) |
| 1984 | 136.8 mm (5.4 in) |
| 1985 | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1986 | 120.4 mm (4.7 in) |
| 1987 | 88.9 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1988 | 229.6 mm (9.0 in) |
| 1989 | 108.8 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1990 | 182.6 mm (7.2 in) |
| 1991 | 91.4 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1992 | 143.9 mm (5.7 in) |
| 1993 | 131.1 mm (5.2 in) |
| 1994 | 129.0 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1995 | 130.1 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1996 | 184.4 mm (7.3 in) |
| 1997 | 154.4 mm (6.1 in) |
| 1998 | 25.1 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1999 | 111.6 mm (4.4 in) |
| 2000 | 127.8 mm (5.0 in) |
| 2001 | 35.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 2002 | 190.5 mm (7.5 in) |
| 2003 | 141.8 mm (5.6 in) |
| 2004 | 191.7 mm (7.5 in) |
| 2005 | 299.5 mm (11.8 in) |
| 2007 | 165.4 mm (6.5 in) |
| 2008 | 182.0 mm (7.2 in) |
| 2009 | 129.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 2010 | 358.0 mm (14.1 in) |
| 2011 | 109.7 mm (4.3 in) |
| 2012 | 112.0 mm (4.4 in) |
Longest dry spell (CDD)
| Year | Longest dry spell (CDD) |
|---|---|
| 1964 | 15 days |
| 1965 | 47 days |
| 1966 | 15 days |
| 1967 | 13 days |
| 1968 | 34 days |
| 1969 | 23 days |
| 1970 | 39 days |
| 1971 | 55 days |
| 1972 | 23 days |
| 1973 | 27 days |
| 1974 | 39 days |
| 1975 | 20 days |
| 1976 | 45 days |
| 1977 | 19 days |
| 1978 | 24 days |
| 1979 | 17 days |
| 1980 | 42 days |
| 1981 | 20 days |
| 1982 | 20 days |
| 1983 | 15 days |
| 1984 | 23 days |
| 1985 | 12 days |
| 1986 | 54 days |
| 1987 | 54 days |
| 1988 | 73 days |
| 1989 | 27 days |
| 1990 | 14 days |
| 1991 | 44 days |
| 1992 | 66 days |
| 1993 | 66 days |
| 1994 | 102 days |
| 1995 | 54 days |
| 1996 | 23 days |
| 1997 | 58 days |
| 1998 | 7 days |
| 1999 | 12 days |
| 2000 | 30 days |
| 2001 | 16 days |
| 2002 | 25 days |
| 2003 | 32 days |
| 2004 | 26 days |
| 2005 | 29 days |
| 2007 | 19 days |
| 2008 | 31 days |
| 2009 | 31 days |
| 2010 | 35 days |
| 2011 | 42 days |
| 2012 | 23 days |
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Download the Data
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-17 (17 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.
Data as of . Last revised (2025-12-31).