Key Facts

From 1951 to 2025, long-record stations in United Kingdom warmed by +0.21 C per decade (+0.37 F) (95 percent interval +0.15 to +0.27 C), from 58 stations measured against each station's own 1961-1990 mean.
The latest year in the series for United Kingdom, 2025, was +1.76 C against the 1961-1990 mean.
In United Kingdom the daily maximum rose faster than the daily minimum, by 0.02 C per decade (the two intervals overlap).
Of 67 stations in United Kingdom with at least 50 complete years of record, 19 had 2025 as their warmest year.
In United Kingdom, the mean annual temperature of 52 stations changed by +1.15 C between the 1961-1990 and 2011-2025 periods.

Warming

United Kingdom, against 1961-1990

Annual mean temperature of the long-record stations in United Kingdom as a difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, 1951 to 2025. 58 stations in 7 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees, area weighted. Years with too little coverage are left blank and the line or columns are not drawn across the gap; the earliest and latest years can rest on fewer of these stations than the middle years. The station set does not change from year to year. Zero line: each station's own 1961-1990 mean.

Annual mean temperature against the 1961-1990 mean, United Kingdom
Year	Difference from the 1961-1990 mean
1951	-0.23 C
1952	-0.39 C
1953	+0.70 C
1954	-0.18 C
1955	-0.10 C
1956	-0.31 C
1957	+0.43 C
1958	-0.03 C
1959	+0.95 C
1960	+0.33 C
1961	+0.43 C
1962	-0.59 C
1963	-0.81 C
1964	+0.07 C
1965	-0.53 C
1966	-0.01 C
1967	+0.12 C
1968	-0.15 C
1969	-0.19 C
1970	-0.08 C
1971	+0.41 C
1972	-0.19 C
1973	+0.04 C
1974	+0.10 C
1975	+0.39 C
1976	+0.41 C
1977	-0.06 C
1978	-0.10 C
1979	-0.74 C
1980	-0.05 C
1981	-0.22 C
1982	+0.36 C
1983	+0.37 C
1984	+0.22 C
1985	-0.49 C
1986	-0.66 C
1987	-0.28 C
1988	+0.42 C
1989	+0.88 C
1990	+0.95 C
1991	+0.20 C
1992	+0.40 C
1993	-0.01 C
1994	+0.47 C
1995	+0.77 C
1996	-0.07 C
1997	+1.05 C
1998	+0.72 C
1999	+0.94 C
2000	+0.73 C
2001	+0.49 C
2002	+1.12 C
2003	+1.14 C
2004	+1.02 C
2005	+0.96 C
2006	+1.28 C
2007	+1.17 C
2008	+0.69 C
2009	+0.77 C
2010	-0.29 C
2011	+1.24 C
2012	+0.48 C
2013	+0.44 C
2014	+1.53 C
2015	+0.83 C
2016	+0.94 C
2017	+1.20 C
2018	+1.10 C
2019	+1.10 C
2020	+1.29 C
2021	+0.93 C
2022	+1.70 C
2023	+1.58 C
2024	+1.38 C
2025	+1.76 C

From 1951 to 2025, the long-record stations in United Kingdom warmed by +0.21 C per decade (+0.37 F) (95 percent interval +0.15 to +0.27 C), from 58 stations in 7 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees, each measured against its own 1961-1990 mean.

The latest year in the series, 2025, was +1.8 C (+3.2 F) against the 1961-1990 mean.

The five warmest years in the series are 2025 (+1.76 C), 2022 (+1.70 C), 2023 (+1.58 C), 2014 (+1.53 C) and 2024 (+1.38 C).

Trend

Warming trend per decade, United Kingdom
Measure	Trend per decade (C)	95% interval (C)	Years	Stations
Annual mean temperature	+0.21	+0.15 to +0.27	1951 to 2025	58

Warmest and coolest years in the series

Warmest and coolest years of the 1961-1990 anomaly series, United Kingdom
Rank	Warmest year	Difference from mean	Coolest year	Difference from mean
1	2025	+1.76 C	1963	-0.81 C
2	2022	+1.70 C	1979	-0.74 C
3	2023	+1.58 C	1986	-0.66 C
4	2014	+1.53 C	1962	-0.59 C
5	2024	+1.38 C	1965	-0.53 C

58 stations in 7 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees. Each station is compared with its own 1961-1990 mean, so stations at different heights and latitudes can be averaged. Stations are averaged within each grid cell and cells are weighted by the cosine of latitude.

Warmest Years

United Kingdom, 67 stations

For each year 1949 to 2025, the number of the 67 stations in United Kingdom with at least 50 complete years of record that had it as their warmest year on record. A station counts once, so the bars add up to 67.

Stations that had each year as their warmest on record, United Kingdom
Year	Stations with this as their warmest year
1949	0
1950	0
1951	0
1952	0
1953	0
1954	0
1955	0
1956	0
1957	0
1958	0
1959	0
1960	0
1961	0
1962	0
1963	0
1964	0
1965	0
1966	0
1967	0
1968	0
1969	0
1970	0
1971	0
1972	0
1973	0
1974	0
1975	0
1976	0
1977	0
1978	0
1979	0
1980	0
1981	0
1982	0
1983	0
1984	0
1985	0
1986	0
1987	0
1988	0
1989	0
1990	4
1991	0
1992	0
1993	0
1994	0
1995	0
1996	0
1997	0
1998	0
1999	0
2000	0
2001	0
2002	0
2003	0
2004	0
2005	0
2006	1
2007	0
2008	0
2009	0
2010	0
2011	1
2012	0
2013	0
2014	12
2015	0
2016	0
2017	0
2018	0
2019	0
2020	0
2021	0
2022	16
2023	14
2024	0
2025	19

Of the 67 stations in United Kingdom with at least 50 complete years of record, 19 (28.4%) had 2025 as their warmest year on record.

The years that were the warmest on record at the most stations are 2025 (19 stations), 2022 (16 stations), 2023 (14 stations), 2014 (12 stations) and 1990 (4 stations).

49 of the 67 stations (73.1%) had their warmest year in the 2020s. That decade is not over.

By decade

Stations by the decade of their warmest year, United Kingdom
Decade	Stations with their warmest year in it	Share of stations	Stations with one of their five warmest years in it
1940s	0	0.0%	2
1950s	0	0.0%	0
1960s	0	0.0%	0
1970s	0	0.0%	0
1980s	0	0.0%	4
1990s	4	6.0%	20
2000s	1	1.5%	61
2010s	13	19.4%	71
2020s (to date)	49	73.1%	177

The set is the 67 stations with at least 50 complete years (all twelve months with 20 or more days of maximum and minimum). A station's warmest year is the one with the highest annual mean temperature, a tie going to the later year. The count describes these stations, not the whole area.

Days and Nights

United Kingdom, against 1961-1990

Annual mean daily maximum, daily minimum and day-night range of the long-record stations in United Kingdom as differences from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, 1951 to 2025. 58 stations in 7 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees, area weighted. The station set does not change from year to year.

Daily maximum, daily minimum and day-night range against the 1961-1990 mean, United Kingdom
Year	Daily maximum	Daily minimum	Day-night range (maximum minus minimum)
1951	-0.24 C	-0.21 C	-0.03 C
1952	-0.34 C	-0.43 C	+0.09 C
1953	+0.76 C	+0.63 C	+0.13 C
1954	-0.28 C	-0.09 C	-0.19 C
1955	+0.18 C	-0.39 C	+0.58 C
1956	-0.30 C	-0.32 C	+0.02 C
1957	+0.45 C	+0.41 C	+0.05 C
1958	-0.09 C	+0.02 C	-0.11 C
1959	+1.22 C	+0.67 C	+0.55 C
1960	+0.31 C	+0.36 C	-0.05 C
1961	+0.44 C	+0.42 C	+0.01 C
1962	-0.59 C	-0.60 C	+0.01 C
1963	-0.93 C	-0.69 C	-0.24 C
1964	+0.03 C	+0.12 C	-0.09 C
1965	-0.59 C	-0.46 C	-0.13 C
1966	-0.15 C	+0.13 C	-0.29 C
1967	+0.03 C	+0.20 C	-0.17 C
1968	-0.15 C	-0.14 C	-0.01 C
1969	-0.13 C	-0.26 C	+0.12 C
1970	-0.07 C	-0.08 C	+0.01 C
1971	+0.55 C	+0.27 C	+0.27 C
1972	-0.17 C	-0.22 C	+0.05 C
1973	+0.15 C	-0.08 C	+0.23 C
1974	+0.07 C	+0.12 C	-0.06 C
1975	+0.49 C	+0.29 C	+0.20 C
1976	+0.47 C	+0.35 C	+0.13 C
1977	-0.16 C	+0.04 C	-0.20 C
1978	-0.24 C	+0.05 C	-0.29 C
1979	-0.82 C	-0.67 C	-0.15 C
1980	-0.14 C	+0.04 C	-0.18 C
1981	-0.23 C	-0.21 C	-0.02 C
1982	+0.46 C	+0.26 C	+0.20 C
1983	+0.41 C	+0.32 C	+0.09 C
1984	+0.36 C	+0.09 C	+0.26 C
1985	-0.51 C	-0.48 C	-0.04 C
1986	-0.70 C	-0.63 C	-0.07 C
1987	-0.35 C	-0.20 C	-0.15 C
1988	+0.31 C	+0.54 C	-0.23 C
1989	+1.10 C	+0.66 C	+0.45 C
1990	+1.05 C	+0.84 C	+0.22 C
1991	+0.14 C	+0.27 C	-0.13 C
1992	+0.34 C	+0.46 C	-0.12 C
1993	-0.13 C	+0.12 C	-0.26 C
1994	+0.41 C	+0.53 C	-0.12 C
1995	+0.97 C	+0.56 C	+0.41 C
1996	-0.09 C	-0.05 C	-0.04 C
1997	+1.13 C	+0.98 C	+0.16 C
1998	+0.63 C	+0.82 C	-0.19 C
1999	+0.92 C	+0.95 C	-0.03 C
2000	+0.70 C	+0.76 C	-0.06 C
2001	+0.50 C	+0.47 C	+0.04 C
2002	+1.02 C	+1.23 C	-0.21 C
2003	+1.48 C	+0.80 C	+0.67 C
2004	+0.97 C	+1.07 C	-0.09 C
2005	+0.94 C	+0.98 C	-0.04 C
2006	+1.31 C	+1.25 C	+0.07 C
2007	+1.23 C	+1.11 C	+0.12 C
2008	+0.75 C	+0.63 C	+0.13 C
2009	+0.80 C	+0.73 C	+0.07 C
2010	-0.10 C	-0.47 C	+0.37 C
2011	+1.29 C	+1.18 C	+0.12 C
2012	+0.48 C	+0.48 C	0.00 C
2013	+0.46 C	+0.42 C	+0.04 C
2014	+1.54 C	+1.52 C	+0.02 C
2015	+0.94 C	+0.71 C	+0.23 C
2016	+1.00 C	+0.89 C	+0.11 C
2017	+1.21 C	+1.19 C	+0.02 C
2018	+1.29 C	+0.91 C	+0.38 C
2019	+1.18 C	+1.01 C	+0.16 C
2020	+1.40 C	+1.18 C	+0.21 C
2021	+0.99 C	+0.86 C	+0.13 C
2022	+1.86 C	+1.55 C	+0.32 C
2023	+1.67 C	+1.50 C	+0.17 C
2024	+1.34 C	+1.42 C	-0.08 C
2025	+1.94 C	+1.59 C	+0.35 C

From 1951 to 2025, the daily maximum in United Kingdom changed by +0.22 C per decade (+0.39 F) (95 percent interval +0.15 to +0.29 C) and the daily minimum by +0.20 C per decade (+0.36 F) (95 percent interval +0.14 to +0.25 C), from 58 stations.

The daily maximum rose faster, by 0.02 C per decade more than the daily minimum; the two intervals overlap, so the data do not separate them.

The day-night range (daily maximum minus daily minimum) changed by +0.02 C per decade (95 percent interval 0.00 to +0.04 C), an interval that includes zero.

Trends per decade

Trends in the daily maximum, the daily minimum and the day-night range, United Kingdom
Measure	Trend per decade (C)	95% interval (C)	Years	Stations
Daily maximum	+0.22	+0.15 to +0.29	1951 to 2025	58
Daily minimum	+0.20	+0.14 to +0.25	1951 to 2025	58
Day-night range (maximum minus minimum)	+0.02	0.00 to +0.04	1951 to 2025	58

The day-night range is the daily maximum minus the daily minimum, so a falling range means the minimum rose by more than the maximum. Intervals allow for year to year persistence in the series.

Hot Days, Warm Nights and Frost Days by Decade: United Kingdom

Up to 49 stations per measure, fixed sets

In United Kingdom, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 30 C (86 F) per year at 49 stations rose from 0.1 to 0.6 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 1.5.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F) per year at 49 stations was 0.0 in both between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.1.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F) per year at 49 stations was 0.0 in both between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.0.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of warm nights, with a daily minimum at or above 20 C (68 F) per year at 48 stations was 0.0 in both between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.1.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of frost days, with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year at 48 stations fell from 57.6 to 39.6 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 33.6.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of ice days, with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year at 49 stations fell from 3.1 to 1.2 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.5.

Days at or above 30 C

Mean days with a daily maximum at or above 30 C (86 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), United Kingdom. The same 49 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Days at or above 35 C

Mean days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), United Kingdom. The same 49 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Days at or above 40 C

Mean days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), United Kingdom. The same 49 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Tropical nights (min at or above 20 C)

Mean warm nights, with a daily minimum at or above 20 C (68 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), United Kingdom. The same 48 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Frost days (min at or below 0 C)

Mean frost days, with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), United Kingdom. The same 48 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Ice days (max at or below 0 C)

Mean ice days, with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), United Kingdom. The same 49 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Each measure counts days in complete years only. A station is in a measure's set when it has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so each chart compares the same places over time. A grey bar is a decade that is not over.

Heavy Rain and Dry Spells by Decade: United Kingdom

64 stations in the annual rain series

In United Kingdom, annual rain at 64 stations is shown as a percent difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, for 75 years from 1951 to 2025.
The trend in annual rain is +1.4 percent per decade (95 percent interval +0.3 to +2.4), fitted to 75 years from 1951 to 2025.
In United Kingdom, the share of a year's rain that fell in its wettest five days rose from 7.8 to 8.2 percent between the 1960s and the 2020s at 49 stations.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of days with 25 mm (1.0 in) or more of rain per year rose from 3.34 to 4.49 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of days with 50 mm (2.0 in) or more of rain per year rose from 0.23 to 0.33 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
In United Kingdom, the mean number of days with 100 mm (3.9 in) or more of rain per year fell from 0.01 to 0.00 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
In United Kingdom, the mean longest dry spell of the year, in days with less than 1 mm of rain in a row, rose from 19.3 to 23.5 days between the 1960s and the 2020s, over the same 49 stations in every decade.

Annual rain against the 1961-1990 mean

Annual rain in United Kingdom as a percent difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, for 64 stations with a long record, 1951 to 2025. Stations are averaged in 5 degree grid cells and the cells are weighted by the cosine of latitude.

Annual rain as a percent difference from the 1961-1990 mean, United Kingdom
Year	Annual rain, percent difference from the mean
1951	8.3%
1952	-6.7%
1953	-13.7%
1954	16.1%
1955	-16.6%
1956	-2.9%
1957	0.8%
1958	5.9%
1959	-9.8%
1960	18.4%
1961	-1.6%
1962	-4.9%
1963	-6.5%
1964	-9.4%
1965	7.3%
1966	12.6%
1967	10.1%
1968	-3.5%
1969	-4.9%
1970	4.6%
1971	-13.3%
1972	-8.8%
1973	-12.8%
1974	6.6%
1975	-13.7%
1976	-11.1%
1977	0.2%
1978	-1.2%
1979	11.4%
1980	5.0%
1981	10.4%
1982	11.2%
1983	-3.4%
1984	1.7%
1985	-1.0%
1986	11.9%
1987	-1.9%
1988	7.1%
1989	-9.2%
1990	7.1%
1991	-8.4%
1992	9.3%
1993	5.2%
1994	14.1%
1995	-2.5%
1996	-14.3%
1997	-5.4%
1998	16.1%
1999	14.5%
2000	23.0%
2001	-0.8%
2002	17.5%
2003	-14.8%
2004	4.5%
2005	-4.2%
2006	2.6%
2007	5.3%
2008	15.0%
2009	9.2%
2010	-7.9%
2011	2.0%
2012	20.6%
2013	1.0%
2014	20.1%
2015	14.0%
2016	1.2%
2017	6.4%
2018	-4.5%
2019	10.6%
2020	19.9%
2021	-1.2%
2022	-3.8%
2023	23.2%
2024	10.7%
2025	-8.4%

Share of the year's rain in its wettest five days

Mean share of a year's rain that fell in its wettest five days, by decade, United Kingdom, 1960s to 2020s, for 49 stations that report complete years in every decade.

Days with 25 mm or more rain

Mean number of days with 25 mm (1.0 in) or more of rain per year, by decade, United Kingdom, 1960s to 2020s, for a fixed set of stations that report complete years in every decade.

Days with 50 mm or more rain

Mean number of days with 50 mm (2.0 in) or more of rain per year, by decade, United Kingdom, 1960s to 2020s, for a fixed set of stations that report complete years in every decade.

Days with 100 mm or more rain

Mean number of days with 100 mm (3.9 in) or more of rain per year, by decade, United Kingdom, 1960s to 2020s, for a fixed set of stations that report complete years in every decade.

Longest dry spell of the year

Mean length in days of the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain in a year, by decade, United Kingdom, 1960s to 2020s, over the same 49 stations in every decade.

The annual rain series uses stations with at least 50 complete years since 1951 and a 1961-1990 baseline. The decade charts use fixed sets of stations, the same in every decade from the 1960s. A dry day has less than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain.

The New Normal

United Kingdom, 1961-1990 against 2011-2025

Change in annual mean temperature from 1961-1990 to 2011-2025 at 45 stations in United Kingdom, one dot per station (the stations with the most complete years, at most one per half degree cell). The scope figures use 52 stations with at least 20 complete years in 1961-1990 and in 1991-2020 and at least 8 in 2011-2025. Made with Natural Earth.

Change in annual mean temperature from 1961-1990 to 2011-2025, United Kingdom
Station	Change in mean temperature
Wattisham	+1.6 C (+3.0 F)
Rothamsted	+1.5 C (+2.7 F)
Manston	+1.5 C (+2.6 F)
Wisley	+1.4 C (+2.6 F)
High Mowthorpe	+1.4 C (+2.6 F)
Lyneham	+1.4 C (+2.4 F)
Jersey: Airport	+1.4 C (+2.4 F)
Keele	+1.3 C (+2.4 F)
Hastings	+1.3 C (+2.4 F)
Morpeth: Cockle Park	+1.3 C (+2.4 F)
Hurn	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Oxford	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Durham	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Alice Holt Lodge	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Buxton	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Guernsey: Airport	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Stormont Castle	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Ronaldsway	+1.3 C (+2.3 F)
Bradford	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Yeovilton	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Waddington	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Dyce	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Sheffield	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Plymouth: Mountbatten	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Gogerddan	+1.2 C (+2.1 F)
Bude	+1.2 C (+2.1 F)
Aberporth	+1.1 C (+2.1 F)
Balmoral	+1.1 C (+2.0 F)
Cet Central England	+1.1 C (+2.0 F)
Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garde	+1.1 C (+1.9 F)
Lerwick	+1.1 C (+1.9 F)
Eskdalemuir	+1.1 C (+1.9 F)
Valley	+1.1 C (+1.9 F)
Bowhill	+1.1 C (+1.9 F)
Auchincruive	+1.1 C (+1.9 F)
Armagh	+1.0 C (+1.9 F)
Threave	+1.0 C (+1.9 F)
Leuchars	+1.0 C (+1.9 F)
Stornoway Airport	+1.0 C (+1.8 F)
Wick	+1.0 C (+1.8 F)
Kinlochewe	+0.9 C (+1.5 F)
Slapton	+0.8 C (+1.5 F)
Tiree	+0.8 C (+1.5 F)
Newton Rigg	+0.8 C (+1.4 F)
Lough Navar Forest	+0.6 C (+1.1 F)

Across 52 stations in United Kingdom with long records, the mean annual temperature was 9.0 C (48.2 F) in 1961-1990, 9.8 C (49.6 F) in 1991-2020 and 10.1 C (50.2 F) in 2011-2025, a change of +1.2 C (+2.1 F) from the first period to the latest.

Mean annual rain, from years with at least 329 days of rain data, was 977.9 mm (38.5 in) in 1961-1990, 1,030.2 mm (40.6 in) in 1991-2020 and 1,050.4 mm (41.4 in) in 2011-2025, a change of +7.4% from the first period to the latest.

Of the 45 stations on the map, 45 were warmer in 2011-2025 than in 1961-1990.

39 of the 42 stations on the map with a rain figure had more rain and 3 had less.

Three periods

Mean temperature and annual rain in three periods, United Kingdom
Period	Mean temperature	Annual rain
1961-1990	9.0 C (48.2 F)	977.9 mm (38.5 in)
1991-2020	9.8 C (49.6 F)	1,030.2 mm (40.6 in)
2011-2025	10.1 C (50.2 F)	1,050.4 mm (41.4 in)
Change, 1991-2020 against 1961-1990	+0.8 C (+1.4 F)	+5.3%
Change, 2011-2025 against 1961-1990	+1.2 C (+2.1 F)	+7.4%

Based on 52 stations with at least 20 complete years in 1961-1990 and in 1991-2020 and at least 8 in 2011-2025. The periods 1991-2020 and 2011-2025 overlap. Scope means are weighted by grid cell, as in the warming series; rain counts years with at least 329 days of rain data.

Longest Hot, Cold, Wet and Dry Streaks: United Kingdom

5 lists of 10

In United Kingdom, the longest run of hot days in a row in the data is 3 days, at Heathrow (United Kingdom), from 9 August 2020 to 11 August 2020.
In United Kingdom, the longest run of frost days in a row in the data is 74 days, at Grizedale (United Kingdom), from 22 December 1962 to 5 March 1963.
In United Kingdom, the longest run of ice days in a row in the data is 20 days, at Malham Tarn (United Kingdom), from 3 February 1986 to 22 February 1986.
In United Kingdom, the longest run of dry days in a row in the data is 83 days, at Rothamsted (United Kingdom), in 1920.
In United Kingdom, the longest run of wet days in a row in the data is 84 days, at Stornoway Airport (United Kingdom), in 1990.

Longest run of days at or above 35 C

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F).

Longest run of days at or above 35 C, United Kingdom: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Heathrow	United Kingdom	3 days	9 to 11 August 2020
2	Hampstead	United Kingdom	2 days	8 to 9 August 2003
3	Oxford	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
4	Wattisham	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
5	Rothamsted	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
6	Writtle	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
7	Sheffield	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
8	Nottingham: Watnall	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
9	Wellesbourne	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022
10	Manston	United Kingdom	2 days	17 to 18 July 2022

Longest run of frost days (minimum at or below 0 C)

Consecutive days with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F).

Longest run of frost days (minimum at or below 0 C), United Kingdom: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Grizedale	United Kingdom	74 days	22 December 1962 to 5 March 1963
2	Braemar	United Kingdom	70 days	26 December 1962 to 5 March 1963
3	Glenlee	United Kingdom	60 days	5 January to 5 March 1963
4	Lowestoft	United Kingdom	49 days	10 January to 27 February 1942
5	Durham	United Kingdom	47 days	29 January to 16 March 1947
6	Hurn	United Kingdom	47 days	22 December 1962 to 6 February 1963
7	Cet Central England	United Kingdom	45 days	7 December 1890 to 20 January 1891
8	Lerwick	United Kingdom	45 days	2 February to 18 March 1947
9	Leadhills	United Kingdom	43 days	12 January to 23 February 1991
10	Malham Tarn	United Kingdom	42 days	22 January to 4 March 1986

Longest run of ice days (maximum at or below 0 C)

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F).

Longest run of ice days (maximum at or below 0 C), United Kingdom: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Malham Tarn	United Kingdom	20 days	3 to 22 February 1986
2	Buxton	United Kingdom	18 days	3 to 20 February 1986
3	Loggerheads: Colomendy Centre	United Kingdom	17 days	26 December 1962 to 11 January 1963
4	Skegness	United Kingdom	13 days	9 to 21 February 1947
5	Cet Central England	United Kingdom	13 days	10 to 22 February 1947
6	Oxford	United Kingdom	12 days	12 to 23 February 1947
7	Leadhills	United Kingdom	12 days	8 to 19 February 1978
8	Wisley	United Kingdom	11 days	12 to 22 February 1947
9	Rothamsted	United Kingdom	10 days	20 to 29 January 1917
10	Balmoral	United Kingdom	10 days	26 December 1962 to 4 January 1963

Longest dry spell (days under 1 mm of rain), within one year

Consecutive days with less than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain, the longest run within a year. The dates are not kept, so the list gives the year (within the year).

Longest dry spell (days under 1 mm of rain), within one year, United Kingdom: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Rothamsted	United Kingdom	83 days	within 1920
2	Cambridge Niab	United Kingdom	59 days	within 1969
3	Sheffield	United Kingdom	58 days	within 1959
4	Heathrow	United Kingdom	58 days	within 2018
5	Heathrow	United Kingdom	58 days	within 2018
6	Lowestoft	United Kingdom	57 days	within 1959
7	Wellesbourne	United Kingdom	57 days	within 2018
8	Writtle	United Kingdom	56 days	within 2018
9	Bognor Regis	United Kingdom	56 days	within 2018
10	Skegness	United Kingdom	55 days	within 1953

Longest wet spell (days with 1 mm or more of rain), within one year

Consecutive days with 1 mm (0.04 in) or more of rain, the longest run within a year. The dates are not kept, so the list gives the year (within the year).

Longest wet spell (days with 1 mm or more of rain), within one year, United Kingdom: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Stornoway Airport	United Kingdom	84 days	within 1990
2	Rhum: Kinloch	United Kingdom	52 days	within 1990
3	Lerwick	United Kingdom	48 days	within 1990
4	Benmore: Younger Botanic Garde	United Kingdom	48 days	within 1990
5	Tiree	United Kingdom	46 days	within 2011
6	Kinlochewe	United Kingdom	42 days	within 1990
7	Wick	United Kingdom	39 days	within 1934
8	Plymouth: Mountbatten	United Kingdom	38 days	within 2020
9	Bute: Rothesay	United Kingdom	34 days	within 2002
10	Lough Navar Forest	United Kingdom	34 days	within 2015

A run belongs to the year it started in, even when it ran on into the next year. A station appears once per list, with its longest run in a complete year. Dry and wet spells are the longest run within a year. Lists use complete years only, so a long run in a year with gaps in the record is not counted.

Biggest One Day Temperature Swings: United Kingdom

5 lists of 10

In United Kingdom, the largest reported one day rise in the daily maximum is 15.6 C (28.1 F), at Skegness (United Kingdom) on 4 May 1942.
In United Kingdom, the largest reported one day drop in the daily maximum is 16.4 C (29.5 F), at Braemar (United Kingdom) on 10 April 1974.
In United Kingdom, the largest reported one day rise in the daily minimum is 22.5 C (40.5 F), at Carnwath (United Kingdom) on 15 January 1979.
In United Kingdom, the largest reported one day drop in the daily minimum is 17.2 C (31.0 F), at Carnwath (United Kingdom) on 22 February 1986.
In United Kingdom, the largest reported range between the high and the low of one day is 30.3 C (54.5 F), at Carnwath (United Kingdom) on 14 January 1979.

Caveat.Single readings can still be instrument errors that quality control missed. A station with one faulty value can top a list, so read each entry as a reported value, not as a confirmed event.

Biggest one day rise in the daily maximum

The largest increase in the daily maximum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day rise in the daily maximum, United Kingdom
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Skegness	United Kingdom	15.6 C (28.1 F)	4 May 1942
2	Stornoway Airport	United Kingdom	15.0 C (27.0 F)	9 March 1949
3	Bowhill	United Kingdom	14.5 C (26.1 F)	29 November 1985
4	Faskally	United Kingdom	14.1 C (25.4 F)	29 December 1995
5	Sheffield	United Kingdom	13.3 C (23.9 F)	19 March 1929
6	Oxford	United Kingdom	13.3 C (23.9 F)	26 November 1950
7	Mildenhall	United Kingdom	13.3 C (23.9 F)	30 May 1963
8	Durham	United Kingdom	13.3 C (23.9 F)	7 April 1969
9	Buxton	United Kingdom	13.1 C (23.6 F)	3 January 1893
10	Paisley	United Kingdom	12.8 C (23.0 F)	17 May 1916

Biggest one day drop in the daily maximum

The largest decrease in the daily maximum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day drop in the daily maximum, United Kingdom
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Braemar	United Kingdom	16.4 C (29.5 F)	10 April 1974
2	Wellesbourne	United Kingdom	16.2 C (29.2 F)	19 July 2022
3	Alwen	United Kingdom	15.9 C (28.6 F)	19 July 2022
4	Jersey: Airport	United Kingdom	15.7 C (28.3 F)	30 June 1968
5	Kinlochewe	United Kingdom	15.6 C (28.1 F)	16 June 1986
6	Oxford	United Kingdom	15.5 C (27.9 F)	4 April 1946
7	Buxton	United Kingdom	15.4 C (27.7 F)	19 July 2022
8	Sheffield	United Kingdom	15.3 C (27.5 F)	31 March 2021
9	Warsop	United Kingdom	15.1 C (27.2 F)	1 October 2005
10	Keele	United Kingdom	15.1 C (27.2 F)	19 July 2022

Biggest one day rise in the daily minimum

The largest increase in the daily minimum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day rise in the daily minimum, United Kingdom
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Carnwath	United Kingdom	22.5 C (40.5 F)	15 January 1979
2	Braemar	United Kingdom	20.2 C (36.4 F)	6 January 1978
3	Stornoway Airport	United Kingdom	19.5 C (35.1 F)	20 December 1953
4	Craibstone	United Kingdom	19.1 C (34.4 F)	1 December 1985
5	Blyth Bridge	United Kingdom	18.4 C (33.1 F)	15 January 1979
6	Dyce	United Kingdom	17.7 C (31.9 F)	2 December 1985
7	Glenlee	United Kingdom	17.6 C (31.7 F)	31 December 1995
8	Balmoral	United Kingdom	17.2 C (31.0 F)	6 January 1978
9	Hurn	United Kingdom	16.9 C (30.4 F)	8 January 1979
10	Wick	United Kingdom	16.7 C (30.1 F)	12 February 1934

Biggest one day drop in the daily minimum

The largest decrease in the daily minimum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day drop in the daily minimum, United Kingdom
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Carnwath	United Kingdom	17.2 C (31.0 F)	22 February 1986
2	Wick	United Kingdom	16.7 C (30.1 F)	11 February 1934
3	Stornoway Airport	United Kingdom	16.7 C (30.1 F)	19 December 1953
4	Braemar	United Kingdom	16.7 C (30.1 F)	13 February 1963
5	Loggerheads: Colomendy Centre	United Kingdom	16.6 C (29.9 F)	2 March 1965
6	Balmoral	United Kingdom	15.0 C (27.0 F)	13 February 1963
7	Wellesbourne	United Kingdom	15.0 C (27.0 F)	13 February 2001
8	Eskdalemuir	United Kingdom	14.8 C (26.6 F)	31 December 1961
9	Wisley	United Kingdom	14.6 C (26.3 F)	26 March 1994
10	Alwen	United Kingdom	14.5 C (26.1 F)	2 April 2002

Widest range between the high and the low of one day

The largest difference between the highest and the lowest temperature of the same day. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Widest range between the high and the low of one day, United Kingdom
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Carnwath	United Kingdom	30.3 C (54.5 F)	14 January 1979
2	Braemar	United Kingdom	29.5 C (53.1 F)	30 November 1985
3	Buxton	United Kingdom	29.3 C (52.7 F)	31 March 1892
4	Balmoral	United Kingdom	29.1 C (52.4 F)	30 November 1985
5	Dyce	United Kingdom	27.9 C (50.2 F)	30 November 1985
6	Wallingford	United Kingdom	27.8 C (50.0 F)	15 January 1982
7	Warsop	United Kingdom	27.6 C (49.7 F)	2 July 1976
8	Writtle	United Kingdom	27.5 C (49.5 F)	18 July 2022
9	Wisley	United Kingdom	27.2 C (49.0 F)	18 July 2022
10	Alwen	United Kingdom	26.7 C (48.1 F)	1 September 1961

Only stations with at least 10 complete years are listed, and a station appears once per list.

Hot and Dry Summers: United Kingdom

88 stations with a 1961-1990 record

In United Kingdom, the share of stations with a hot and dry summer is shown for each year from 1911 to 2026, for 88 stations with at least 20 complete summers in 1961-1990. Each year counts the stations of that set with a complete summer in the year.
In United Kingdom, 12.9% of station summers in 1961-1990 were hot and dry (2,578 station summers).
In United Kingdom, 18.7% of station summers in 2012-2026 were hot and dry (792 station summers).
In United Kingdom, 1976 had the highest share: 95.3% of 85 stations (81).

A summer is hot when its mean daily maximum is at or above the station's 80th percentile of its 1961-1990 summers, and dry when its rain is at or below the 20th percentile. A summer is hot and dry when it is both. Summer is June to August north of the equator and December to February south of it, labelled by the year of its first month.

Share of stations with a hot and dry summer

Percent of stations with a complete summer that were both hot and dry, by year, United Kingdom, 1911 to 2026, out of 88 stations with at least 20 complete summers in 1961-1990. Dashed line: the 1961-1990 level in this data, 12.9% of station summers. The most in one year was 95.3%. Dashed line: 1961-1990 level, 12.9%.

Share of stations with a hot and dry summer by year, United Kingdom
Summer	Stations with a hot and dry summer
1911	54.5%
1912	0.0%
1913	0.0%
1914	0.0%
1915	0.0%
1916	0.0%
1917	0.0%
1918	0.0%
1919	0.0%
1920	0.0%
1921	42.9%
1922	0.0%
1923	0.0%
1924	0.0%
1925	25.0%
1926	0.0%
1927	0.0%
1928	0.0%
1929	0.0%
1930	0.0%
1931	0.0%
1932	6.3%
1933	43.8%
1934	31.3%
1935	12.5%
1936	0.0%
1937	12.5%
1938	6.3%
1939	0.0%
1940	25.0%
1941	6.3%
1942	0.0%
1943	0.0%
1944	0.0%
1945	0.0%
1946	0.0%
1947	71.4%
1948	0.0%
1949	55.6%
1950	0.0%
1951	0.0%
1952	10.5%
1953	0.0%
1954	0.0%
1955	55.0%
1956	0.0%
1957	0.0%
1958	0.0%
1959	45.0%
1960	2.4%
1961	0.0%
1962	0.0%
1963	1.1%
1964	0.0%
1965	0.0%
1966	0.0%
1967	1.2%
1968	4.7%
1969	8.0%
1970	2.3%
1971	0.0%
1972	0.0%
1973	4.7%
1974	0.0%
1975	59.1%
1976	95.3%
1977	0.0%
1978	0.0%
1979	0.0%
1980	0.0%
1981	0.0%
1982	1.2%
1983	82.1%
1984	73.3%
1985	0.0%
1986	0.0%
1987	0.0%
1988	0.0%
1989	30.7%
1990	24.1%
1991	4.7%
1992	0.0%
1993	0.0%
1994	19.8%
1995	95.2%
1996	25.9%
1997	10.8%
1998	0.0%
1999	0.0%
2000	1.2%
2001	1.3%
2002	0.0%
2003	45.8%
2004	0.0%
2005	20.0%
2006	40.3%
2007	0.0%
2008	0.0%
2009	0.0%
2010	1.5%
2011	0.0%
2012	0.0%
2013	50.9%
2014	1.5%
2015	0.0%
2016	1.7%
2017	0.0%
2018	46.0%
2019	1.9%
2020	0.0%
2021	32.7%
2022	82.2%
2023	0.0%
2024	10.6%
2025	31.7%
2026	50.0%

The ten most extreme station summers

The most extreme hot and dry station summers, United Kingdom
Rank	Station	Country	Summer	Mean daily maximum vs 1961-1990	Rain, percent of 1961-1990 mean
1	Lerwick	United Kingdom	1947	+2.0 C (+3.6 F)	52%
2	Newton Rigg	United Kingdom	1995	+3.2 C (+5.7 F)	32%
3	Gogerddan	United Kingdom	1976	+3.2 C (+5.7 F)	22%
4	Hawarden Bridge	United Kingdom	1976	+3.5 C (+6.4 F)	24%
5	Bognor Regis	United Kingdom	1995	+3.9 C (+7.0 F)	37%
6	High Mowthorpe	United Kingdom	1976	+3.3 C (+5.9 F)	19%
7	Stornoway Airport	United Kingdom	1955	+2.0 C (+3.5 F)	48%
8	Lerwick	United Kingdom	2003	+2.2 C (+3.9 F)	91%
9	Alwen	United Kingdom	1976	+3.2 C (+5.7 F)	29%
10	Preston: Moor Park	United Kingdom	1976	+3.1 C (+5.6 F)	30%

Ranked by the temperature z score minus the rain z score against the station's own 1961-1990 mean and standard deviation (at least 0.3 C and 5 mm). A summer is labelled by the year of its first month.

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	57.6
1970s	48.0
1980s	50.2
1990s	40.8
2000s	39.2
2010s	39.6
2020s (so far, 6 years)	33.6

Decade	Share of annual rain
1960s	7.8%
1970s	8.2%
1980s	7.8%
1990s	8.1%
2000s	7.8%
2010s	7.6%
2020s	8.2%

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	3.34
1970s	3.00
1980s	3.60
1990s	3.55
2000s	3.81
2010s	3.78
2020s	4.49

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	0.23
1970s	0.20
1980s	0.24
1990s	0.27
2000s	0.32
2010s	0.28
2020s	0.33

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	0.01
1970s	0.01
1980s	0.00
1990s	0.00
2000s	0.00
2010s	0.01
2020s	0.00

Decade	Mean longest dry spell, days
1960s	19.3 days
1970s	22.4 days
1980s	22.0 days
1990s	20.7 days
2000s	19.5 days
2010s	19.9 days
2020s	23.5 days

Climate Trends in United Kingdom